// Program Title: TypeScript Math Functions Demonstration
// ============================
// Constants
// ============================
const piValue: number = Math.PI; // π constant
const eValue: number = Math.E; // Euler's number
console.log("Constants:");
console.log(" pi =", piValue);
console.log(" e =", eValue);
console.log();
// ============================
// Core Functions
// ============================
const numX: number = 2.5; // sample value
console.log("Core Functions:");
console.log(" sqrt(2.5) =", Math.sqrt(numX)); // square root
console.log(" exp(2.5) =", Math.exp(numX)); // e^x
console.log(" log(2.5) =", Math.log(numX)); // natural log
console.log(" log10(2.5)=", Math.log10(numX)); // base-10 log
console.log(" pow(2.5,3)=", Math.pow(numX, 3)); // x^3
console.log();
// ============================
// Trigonometric Functions
// ============================
const angle: number = Math.PI / 4; // 45 degrees in radians
console.log("Trigonometric Functions:");
console.log(" sin(pi/4) =", Math.sin(angle)); // sine
console.log(" cos(pi/4) =", Math.cos(angle)); // cosine
console.log(" tan(pi/4) =", Math.tan(angle)); // tangent
console.log(" asin(0.5) =", Math.asin(0.5)); // arcsine
console.log(" acos(0.5) =", Math.acos(0.5)); // arccosine
console.log(" atan(1.0) =", Math.atan(1.0)); // arctangent
console.log();
// ============================
// Hyperbolic Functions
// ============================
console.log("Hyperbolic Functions:");
console.log(" sinh(1) =", Math.sinh(1)); // hyperbolic sine
console.log(" cosh(1) =", Math.cosh(1)); // hyperbolic cosine
console.log(" tanh(1) =", Math.tanh(1)); // hyperbolic tangent
console.log();
// ============================
// Rounding Functions
// ============================
const numY: number = -2.7; // negative number for rounding tests
console.log("Rounding Functions:");
console.log(" floor(-2.7) =", Math.floor(numY)); // round down
console.log(" ceil(-2.7) =", Math.ceil(numY)); // round up
console.log(" round(-2.7) =", Math.round(numY)); // nearest integer
console.log(" trunc(-2.7) =", Math.trunc(numY)); // remove decimals
console.log();
// ============================
// Min / Max / Clamp
// ============================
const numA: number = 10;
const numB: number = 20;
const valueToClamp: number = 15;
console.log("Min/Max/Clamp:");
console.log(" min(10,20) =", Math.min(numA, numB)); // smaller of two
console.log(" max(10,20) =", Math.max(numA, numB)); // larger of two
// clamp manually
const clamped: number = Math.max(0, Math.min(10, valueToClamp)); // clamp 15 to range 0–10
console.log(" clamp(15,0,10) =", clamped);
console.log();
// ============================
// Bitwise Math (Integers)
// ============================
const byteA: number = 0xAA; // 10101010 in hex
const byteB: number = 0xCC; // 11001100 in hex
console.log("Bitwise Math:");
console.log(" A & B =", (byteA & byteB).toString(16)); // AND
console.log(" A | B =", (byteA | byteB).toString(16)); // OR
console.log(" A ^ B =", (byteA ^ byteB).toString(16)); // XOR
console.log(" ~A =", (~byteA & 0xFF).toString(16)); // NOT (mask to 8 bits)
console.log(" A << 2 =", ((byteA << 2) & 0xFF).toString(16)); // left shift
console.log(" B >> 3 =", (byteB >> 3).toString(16)); // right shift
console.log();
// ============================
// Additional Useful Math
// ============================
console.log("Additional Math:");
console.log(" abs(-3.14) =", Math.abs(-3.14)); // absolute value
console.log(" fmod(10,3) =", 10 % 3); // remainder
console.log(" hypot(3,4) =", Math.hypot(3, 4)); // sqrt(x²+y²)
console.log(" deg2rad(180) =", 180 * (Math.PI / 180)); // degrees → radians
console.log(" rad2deg(pi) =", Math.PI * (180 / Math.PI)); // radians → degrees
/*
run:
Constants:
pi = 3.141592653589793
e = 2.718281828459045
Core Functions:
sqrt(2.5) = 1.5811388300841898
exp(2.5) = 12.182493960703473
log(2.5) = 0.9162907318741551
log10(2.5)= 0.3979400086720376
pow(2.5,3)= 15.625
Trigonometric Functions:
sin(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865475
cos(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865476
tan(pi/4) = 0.9999999999999999
asin(0.5) = 0.5235987755982989
acos(0.5) = 1.0471975511965979
atan(1.0) = 0.7853981633974483
Hyperbolic Functions:
sinh(1) = 1.1752011936438014
cosh(1) = 1.5430806348152437
tanh(1) = 0.7615941559557649
Rounding Functions:
floor(-2.7) = -3
ceil(-2.7) = -2
round(-2.7) = -3
trunc(-2.7) = -2
Min/Max/Clamp:
min(10,20) = 10
max(10,20) = 20
clamp(15,0,10) = 10
Bitwise Math:
A & B = 88
A | B = ee
A ^ B = 66
~A = 55
A << 2 = a8
B >> 3 = 19
Additional Math:
abs(-3.14) = 3.14
fmod(10,3) = 1
hypot(3,4) = 5
deg2rad(180) = 3.141592653589793
rad2deg(pi) = 180
*/
