/** Program Title: C# Math Functions Demonstration */
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
/** ============================
Constants
============================ */
double pi = Math.PI; // π constant
double e = Math.E; // Euler's number
Console.WriteLine("Constants:");
Console.WriteLine(" pi = " + pi);
Console.WriteLine(" e = " + e);
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Core Functions
============================ */
double x = 2.5; // sample value
Console.WriteLine("Core Functions:");
Console.WriteLine(" Sqrt(2.5) = " + Math.Sqrt(x)); // square root
Console.WriteLine(" Exp(2.5) = " + Math.Exp(x)); // e^x
Console.WriteLine(" Log(2.5) = " + Math.Log(x)); // natural log
Console.WriteLine(" Log10(2.5)= " + Math.Log10(x)); // base-10 log
Console.WriteLine(" Pow(2.5,3)= " + Math.Pow(x, 3)); // x^3
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Trigonometric Functions
============================ */
double angle = Math.PI / 4; // 45 degrees in radians
Console.WriteLine("Trigonometric Functions:");
Console.WriteLine(" Sin(pi/4) = " + Math.Sin(angle)); // sine
Console.WriteLine(" Cos(pi/4) = " + Math.Cos(angle)); // cosine
Console.WriteLine(" Tan(pi/4) = " + Math.Tan(angle)); // tangent
Console.WriteLine(" Asin(0.5) = " + Math.Asin(0.5)); // arcsine
Console.WriteLine(" Acos(0.5) = " + Math.Acos(0.5)); // arccosine
Console.WriteLine(" Atan(1.0) = " + Math.Atan(1.0)); // arctangent
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Hyperbolic Functions
============================ */
Console.WriteLine("Hyperbolic Functions:");
Console.WriteLine(" Sinh(1) = " + Math.Sinh(1)); // hyperbolic sine
Console.WriteLine(" Cosh(1) = " + Math.Cosh(1)); // hyperbolic cosine
Console.WriteLine(" Tanh(1) = " + Math.Tanh(1)); // hyperbolic tangent
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Rounding Functions
============================ */
double y = -2.7; // negative number for rounding tests
Console.WriteLine("Rounding Functions:");
Console.WriteLine(" Floor(-2.7) = " + Math.Floor(y)); // round down
Console.WriteLine(" Ceiling(-2.7)= " + Math.Ceiling(y)); // round up
Console.WriteLine(" Round(-2.7) = " + Math.Round(y)); // nearest integer
Console.WriteLine(" Truncate(-2.7) = " + Math.Truncate(y)); // remove decimals
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Min / Max / Clamp
============================ */
double a = 10;
double b = 20;
double value = 15;
Console.WriteLine("Min/Max/Clamp:");
Console.WriteLine(" Min(10,20) = " + Math.Min(a, b)); // smaller of two
Console.WriteLine(" Max(10,20) = " + Math.Max(a, b)); // larger of two
// clamp using Math.Min/Max
double clamped = Math.Max(0, Math.Min(10, value)); // clamp 15 to range 0–10
Console.WriteLine(" Clamp(15,0,10) = " + clamped);
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Bitwise Math (Integers)
============================ */
byte A = 0b10101010; // binary literal
byte B = 0b11001100; // binary literal
Console.WriteLine("Bitwise Math:");
Console.WriteLine(" A & B = 0x" + (A & B).ToString("X2")); // AND
Console.WriteLine(" A | B = 0x" + (A | B).ToString("X2")); // OR
Console.WriteLine(" A ^ B = 0x" + (A ^ B).ToString("X2")); // XOR
Console.WriteLine(" ~A = 0x" + ((byte)~A).ToString("X2")); // NOT
Console.WriteLine(" A << 2 = 0x" + (A << 2).ToString("X2")); // left shift
Console.WriteLine(" B >> 3 = 0x" + (B >> 3).ToString("X2")); // right shift
Console.WriteLine();
/** ============================
Additional Useful Math
============================ */
Console.WriteLine("Additional Math:");
Console.WriteLine(" Abs(-3.14) = " + Math.Abs(-3.14)); // absolute value
Console.WriteLine(" IEEERemainder(10,3) = " + Math.IEEERemainder(10, 3)); // IEEE remainder
Console.WriteLine(" Sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = " + Math.Sqrt(3 * 3 + 4 * 4)); // manual hypot
Console.WriteLine(" Exp(4) = " + Math.Exp(4)); // e^4
}
}
/*
run:
Constants:
pi = 3.14159265358979
e = 2.71828182845905
Core Functions:
Sqrt(2.5) = 1.58113883008419
Exp(2.5) = 12.1824939607035
Log(2.5) = 0.916290731874155
Log10(2.5)= 0.397940008672038
Pow(2.5,3)= 15.625
Trigonometric Functions:
Sin(pi/4) = 0.707106781186547
Cos(pi/4) = 0.707106781186548
Tan(pi/4) = 1
Asin(0.5) = 0.523598775598299
Acos(0.5) = 1.0471975511966
Atan(1.0) = 0.785398163397448
Hyperbolic Functions:
Sinh(1) = 1.1752011936438
Cosh(1) = 1.54308063481524
Tanh(1) = 0.761594155955765
Rounding Functions:
Floor(-2.7) = -3
Ceiling(-2.7)= -2
Round(-2.7) = -3
Truncate(-2.7) = -2
Min/Max/Clamp:
Min(10,20) = 10
Max(10,20) = 20
Clamp(15,0,10) = 10
Bitwise Math:
A & B = 0x88
A | B = 0xEE
A ^ B = 0x66
~A = 0x55
A << 2 = 0x2A8
B >> 3 = 0x19
Additional Math:
Abs(-3.14) = 3.14
IEEERemainder(10,3) = 1
Sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = 5
Exp(4) = 54.5981500331442
*/
