$letters = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'];
$n = count($letters);
echo "2-letter permutations:\n";
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
for ($j = 0; $j < $n; $j++) {
if ($i !== $j) {
echo $letters[$i] . $letters[$j] . "\n";
}
}
}
/*
run:
2-letter permutations:
AB
AC
AD
BA
BC
BD
CA
CB
CD
DA
DB
DC
*/